This Pinyin table includes all Mandarin Chinese syllables. Click on any pinyin sound in the chart, and listen to the audio in all four tones.

Hanyu Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Mandarin Chinese sounds into a Latin alphabet. It was invented in 1950s, and adopted as a standard in mainland China in 1958. Pinyin is used for several purposes such as: teaching Chinese, transcribing names and places into words accessible to european language speakers, and used as an input method for typing Chinese characters.

Pinyin is not the only system devised to transcribe Chinese sounds into roman letters. An older system called Wade-Giles was used in the first half of the 20th century and it has left its mark on the English language. For instance, 功夫 is romanized as “kungfu” in Wade-Giles, but “gongfu” in Pinyin. Also, 北京 (the capital of China) was in the past romanized as “Peking”, but is “Beijing” in Pinyin. It is a common misconception that the city changed names, but the sound never changed, only how we spell the sound with letters.

Native English speakers often have trouble distinguishing between these sounds. For instance, ‘x’ and ‘sh’ sound similar to native English ears, but to native Chinese speakers, the sounds are completely different. The tongue and lip positions are very different. For ‘sh’, the tip of the tongue should be on the roof of the mouth, and ‘x’ the tip of the tongue should be behind the lower teeth.

Below are links to videos in the Yabla format that illustrate the difference. Watch these videos carefully and practice making the correct sounds

• Pinyin - Shu and Xu
• Pinyin - Chi and Qi
• Pinyin - Zhi and Ji

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Study Tone Pairs

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